畢業(yè)論文：An Analysis of Feminism in Jane Eyre from the Perspective of Tripartite

An Analysis of Feminism in Jane Eyre from the Perspective of Tripartite Personality Structure

A Thesis Submitted in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Arts


Abstract: As a feminism classic written by a female writer, Jane Eyre reflects the awakening of feminist consciousness, so it is always regarded as the model for the research of feminist literary criticism. The thesis reveals how the relationship of id, ego, and superego influences the psychological development of Jane, and analyses feminism in Jane Eyre from the perspective of Freud’s tripartite personality structure combined with the viewpoint of The Madwoman in the Attic and Beauvoir’s “Becoming a Woman”.

Key Words: Jane Eyre, Id, Ego, Superego, Feminism




摘要：作為一本由女性作家寫的經(jīng)典著作，《簡•愛》在一定程度上反映了女性意識的覺醒，因此《簡•愛》也常常被作為研究女性文學批評的模板。本文以佛洛伊德的“三部人格結(jié)構(gòu)”學說為依據(jù)，分析了女主人公簡•愛的心理成長過程，并與《閣樓上的瘋女人》和波伏娃的“女人形成”的論點相結(jié)合，分析了簡•愛作為女性個體存在的女性意識覺醒。

關(guān)鍵詞：簡•愛，本我，自我，超我，女性主義






Table of Contents

Ⅰ. Introduction 1
Ⅱ. Theoretical Basis: Tripartite Personality Structure----Id, Ego, Superego 2
i. Id, Ego and Superego 2
ii. Their Relations 3
Ⅲ. Id----The Rebellion against the Restraints 4
i. The Ear
……（新文秘網(wǎng)http://m.120pk.cn省略1941字，正式會員可完整閱讀）……　
published The Ego and the Id. In this book, he put forward the theory----Tripartite Personality Structure, as he believed that personality has three parts---- id, ego, and superego.
i. Id, Ego and Superego
The id, which is the most original part of the personality, represents biological instincts. “It is a chaos, a cauldron of seething e*citement; it has no organisation and no unified will, only an impulsion to obtain satisfaction for the instinctual needs, in accordance with the pleasure-principle” (Zhu, 2001, 99~100). It has no idea about the possibility and impossibility in the real world and it has no restraint on itself. In this stage, the baby yet e*periences the difficulty in getting what he desires. “Naturally, the id knows no values, no good and evil, no morality” (Zhu, 2001, 100).
As a child interacts more with the world, the ego, which stands for psychosocial factors, begins to develop. “The ego’s job is to meet the needs of the id by taking into account the constraints of reality.” “On behalf of the id, the ego controls the path of access to motility, but it interpolates between desire and action the procrastinating factor of thought, during which it makes use of the residues of e*perience stored up in memory. In this way it dethrones the pleasure-principle, which e*erts undisputed sway over the processes in the id, and substitutes for it the reality-principle, which promises greater security and greater success” (Zhu, 2001, 101).
“The superego develops during the phallic stage as a result of the moral constraints placed on us by our parents.” It is on behalf of moral ideal. Its main function is to supervise, criticize and restrain one’s own behavior. “It is generally believed that a strong superego serves to inhibit the biological instincts of the id (resulting in a high level of guilt), whereas a weak superego allows the id more e*pression (resulting in a low level of guilt)”.
ii. Their Relations
In Jane Eyre, the internal world of the heroine has to constantly face the conflicts among biological instincts, psychosocial factors, and moral ideal. We can e*pound it in accordance with the pattern: id satisfies ego----ego seeks help from superego----superego inhibits ego to control id (Wang, 2005, 38).


















Ⅲ. Id----The Rebellion against the Restraints
i. The Early Life of Jane
Id represents one’s instinctive needs without restraints, and it follows the pleasure-principle and also it has the energy of destruction.
As a young orphan being raised by her cruel, wealthy aunt Mrs. Reed, Jane has an unhappy childhood. Consequently, the e*perience of cruel treatment and the feelings of alienation constrain her basic desires, and result in her hatred for her aunt and cousins. And id in Jane appears to be her rebellion against the constraints and the desire for freedom. Due to id’s no sense of good and evil, the little Jane just wants to voice out her unpleasant feeling, to fight back against the ones who constrain her, and she thinks only of her own gratification, disregarding its consequenses. Resenting the false accusation from Mrs. Reed, little Jane retaliates upon her antagonist, “I am glad you are no relation of mine: I will never call you aunt again as long as I live. I will never come to see you when I am grown up; and if any one asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick, and that you treated me with miserable cruelty… You think I have no feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness; but I cannot live so: and you have no pity…” (Brontë, 2008, 39)
When Jane studies in the Lowood School, she makes friends with Helen. Helen behaves well, but the teacher Miss Scatcherd always blames her. Jane is angry for it, and she says to Helen, “I must dislike those who, whatever I do to please them, persist in disliking me; I must resist those who punish me unjustly. It is as natural as that I should love those who show me affection, or submit to punishment when I feel it is deserved” (Brontë, 2008, 66~67).
Jane behaves disciplined in Lowood School, and she is invested with the office of teacher. She fulfills he ……（未完，全文共30315字，當前僅顯示5453字，請閱讀下面提示信息。收藏《畢業(yè)論文：An Analysis of Feminism in Jane Eyre from the Perspective of Tripartite》）