畢業(yè)論文：《伊萊恩》之翻譯與譯評

題目：《伊萊恩》之翻譯與譯評
學(xué) 院 外 國 語 學(xué) 院
專 業(yè) 英 語


Elaine: Chinese Translation and Translating Assessment

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Arts

Table of Contents
1. Introduction 6
1.1 source te*t Elaine and its author J. D. Salinger 6
1.2 purpose of the thesis 7
2. Translation theory and translating strategy 8
2.1 aesthetic translation theory 8
2.2 Domesticating Translation 8
3. Translating methods 9
3.1 Inversion 9
3.2 Diction 10
Choice of Conte*tual Meanings 11
Choice of Stylistic Meanings 11
3.3 Conversion 11
3.4 Omission 12
4. Target te*t assessment 13
4.1 faithfulness 13
4.2 readability 13
4.3 smoothness 13
4.4 e*pressiveness 13
5. Conclusion 15



Abstract
In todays translation circles, various kinds of theories emerge endlessly, especially those of the necessity of translation theories and translation strategies. Some scholars emphasize the importance of translation theories and strategies, but some stress on the fle*ibility in practical translation activities. Up to now, no agreement has been reached. In order to actually feel the importance of translation theories and strategies, this paper analyzes J. D. Salingers short novel Elaine, using some translation strategies and concrete methods, which shows the importance of translation theory in practice. It is proved that in actual translation, with the aid of certain theories can translation be easier, and can translation problems be solved more effectively. Of course, we cannot just obey the rules, but analyze the specific issues. Thus, it can be seen that translation theories, strategies and methods are able to help to improve the quality of translation.

Keywords: translation theories, translation strategies, translation methods, Elaine， actual translation



摘要
當(dāng)今翻譯界，各種學(xué)說層出不窮，特別是對翻譯理論、翻譯策略等的必要性各持己見，有的學(xué)者強調(diào)翻譯理論和策略的重要性，有的卻注重實際翻譯中的靈活變通。百家爭鳴，至今沒有達成一致的結(jié)論。為了實際感受翻譯理論和策略等對實際翻譯的重要性程度，本篇論文選取了塞林格的一部短篇小說《伊萊恩》進行翻譯研究，運用了一些翻譯理論、策略和具體的方法等，體現(xiàn)了理論對實際翻譯的重要性：在實際翻譯中借助一定的理論、策略和方法，可以使翻譯更有方向，并且更能有效解決翻譯難題；當(dāng)然我們也不能墨守成規(guī)，要做到具體問題具體分析。由此可見，恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g理論、策略和方法等有助于翻譯質(zhì)量的提高。

關(guān)鍵字：翻譯理論、翻譯策略、翻譯方法、《伊萊恩》、實際翻譯



1. Introduction
1.1 source te*t Elaine and its author J. D. Salinger
Jerome Davi
……（新文秘網(wǎng)http://m.120pk.cn省略3550字，正式會員可完整閱讀）……　
ategy
2.1 aesthetic translation theory
Translation is not only science, but also art. Therefore, translation is closely related to aesthetic. When we translate an article or some other materials, we cannot avoid the thought of choosing the fittest and choosing the best. During this language processing, we are using aesthetic. The basic aesthetic principles of translation are e*pressiveness, including accuracy and appropriateness, and acceptability, containing fashionable, adaptable and professional. All these principles are used in usual translation.
2.2 Domesticating Translation
“While literal translation and free translation mainly deal with linguistic reproduction, foreignizing translation and domesticating translation are concerned more with cultural, linguistic and aesthetic considerations.”
“Domestication is a strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign te*t for target language readers. This method is “an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign te*t to target-language cultural values, bringing the author back home” (Venuti 1995:20)”.
In The Theory and Practice of Translation, it says that “The new focus, however, has shifted from the form of the message to the response of the receptor. Therefore, what one must determine is the response of the receptor to the translated message.” At this point, domestication is very necessary in translation, for its targeted readers are using another different language from the source language. In this sense, when translating the te*t, I often remember to e*press the idea in Chinese habit.




3. Translating methods
3.1 Inversion
“Inversion implies a necessary change of word order to conform to the good usage in the target language.” There are many specific ways of inversion, but when I translate the source te*t into Chinese, I mainly use the following methods:
Firstly, “Invert the word order in translating a series of attributive modifiers before a noun”
(1) “Generally speaking, especially in colloquial speech or literary works, a series of attributive modifiers in Chinese is seldom completely placed before a noun: with some before the noun, and the rest after.”
E*ample 1:
This is the most glorious, slim-ankled, golden-haired, red-lipped, lovely-nosed, beautiful skinned child I have ever seen in my life.
她是我這輩子見過的最美麗的孩子，纖細的腳踝、金色的頭發(fā)、紅潤的嘴唇、可愛的鼻子、漂亮的肌膚。
In the sentence, the headword is “child”, so I place it in the front after one adjective “glorious”, and then translate the other modifiers. Thanks to this, the translation is able to be consistent with Chinese habit of saying.
E*ample 2:
a slight, pale, blond boy who carried a white comb in his hip pocket
一個白膚金發(fā)碧眼的男孩，瘦弱而蒼白，褲子后面的口袋里有把白梳子
In the instance, “boy” is the headword, thus it should be put in the front, followed by other modifiers. If we put all the three modifiers in front of “boy”, the modifiers will be too long to be natural in Chinese.
(2) The order in multiple attribution
“Chinese: General principle for placing several attributive modifiers before a noun”: determinative (possessive pronouns, countries; time, place; quantifiers, demonstrative pronouns), epithet, descriptive, essential (nouns, Monosyllables), headword
E*ample:
ON an e*quisite Saturday afternoon in June
六月一個絕妙的星期六下午
According to the Chinese rule, the phrase is put into a fi*ed order: time, quantifier, epithet, essential, and headword. When we render multiple attribution, remembering the order is not only important but essential.
Secondly, “Restrictive adjective clauses which confine the meanings of nouns usually precede the nouns they modify to make the e*pressions closely connected in structure if they are not long.”
E*ample 1:
She didn’t seem to mind the bilious pastel and tasteless print dresses in which her mother dressed her.
她似乎不介意她媽媽給她穿的印花連衣裙，裙子是讓人惡心的粉彩色，沒有品味。
E*ample 2:
Remember the fairy prince who climbed to the castle tower by Rapunzel’s hair?
還記得那個靠著長發(fā)公主的頭發(fā)爬上了城堡的英俊的王子嗎？
In e*ample 1, there is a restrictive adjective clause, which is “in which her mother dressed her”. Since it is not long, it precedes the noun it modifies. E*ample 2 has adopted the same method. In this way can we make the sentence shorter, which suits the characteristic of Chinese sentences.
“Adjective clauses which only have descriptive or supplementary function for the nouns preceded, or very long adjective clauses, often follow, yet sometimes precede, the nouns they modify. These are translated in various ways, being separated form the main clauses.”
“Translate the English adjective clauses into Chinese coordinate clauses”
E*ample 1:
He was survived by his wife, Evelyn Cooney, and a daughter, Elaine, aged si*, who had won two Beautiful Child contests;
他撇下了妻子伊夫林庫尼和六歲的女兒伊萊恩，伊萊恩兩次獲得漂亮孩子獎；
E*ample 2:
and consequently placed in Class 1-A-4, which included a group of forty-four pupils,
結(jié)果她被安排進了1-A-4班，這個班有44個學(xué)生，
Chinese sentences are mostly shorter. Therefore, each of the target sentences is separated into two sentences.
3.2 Diction
“In order to make an accurate and smooth translation, a translator should consider how to find a word or words by which the original idea may be most aptly e*pressed.”
“Care should therefore be taken in translating to determine from the conte*t the e*act shade of meaning of a word or an e*pression in the source te*t and the choice of an appropriate one to e*press the meaning in the target version.”
Choice of Conte*tual Meanings
E*ample 1:
She made a painful little grimace, replaced it with a smile,
她露出了痛苦的表情，但用微笑掩飾了過去，
E*ample 2:
he was Teddy Schmidt, not her mother, not her grandmother, not a movie star, not a voice on the radio,
他是泰迪施密特，不是媽媽，不是外婆，不是影星，不是收音機中的人，
E*ample 3:
He’s going to learn me how to play bridge.
他要教我打橋牌。
In the three e*amples, “replace” “voice” and “l(fā)earn” should not be rendered into their verbal consistency words but their conte*tual consistency ones. The same word, when used in different conte*ts of fields of discourse, has different meanings.
“A good translator should represent not only the original thought but also the original style as well in the target language.”
Choice of Stylistic Meanings
E*ample:
“Let the riffraff go!”
“讓這些不三不四的人滾！”
Since the source te*t is a short story, it is neutral formal. Most commonly, “go” is translated into “走”, but here it is rendered into “滾”, which suits with the style of the source language.
3.3 Conversion
“no correspondence of the same word class between two languages is necessary in translation.” Therefore, conversion is very common.
E*ample 1:
the mother of an illegitimate child by a ta*i driver named Hugo Munster
和名叫雨果芒斯特的出租車司機生下了一個私生子
I translate the noun phrase “the mother of an illegitimate child” into a verb phrase, which Chinese prefers.
E*ample 2:
She made no attempt to move her leg away from his.
她沒打算移開她的腿。
Here “attempt” is a noun, while considering the fact that Chinese prefers verbs, it is translated into a verb “打算”.
3.4 Omission
“In translation, as in composition, aim at conciseness. Make your version not just accessible to the reader, but easily understood; not only e*pressive, but also impressive.”
“Keep in mind Hu*ley’s dictum: the ma*imum of thought in the minimum of words, and Shakespeare’s ma*im: Brevity is the soul of wit.”
Therefore, I also use omission in the target te*t.
E*ample 1:
It was always a conversation both varicose and unloved, like Mrs. Hoover’s legs.
她們的對話總像胡佛太太的腿一樣，不自然又沒人喜歡。
E*ample 2:
where the aging woman had supported herself by working as a cashier in a cafeteria.
這位年老的婦人在當(dāng)?shù)匾粋�咖啡店當(dāng)收銀員來維持生計。
E*ample 3:
“I graduated.”
“From hig ……（未完，全文共55430字，當(dāng)前僅顯示9970字，請閱讀下面提示信息。收藏《畢業(yè)論文：《伊萊恩》之翻譯與譯評》）