目錄/提綱:……
一、技術創(chuàng)新的本質和內涵
二、企業(yè)是技術創(chuàng)新的主體
三、科研是技術創(chuàng)造的主力
四、技術創(chuàng)新與技術創(chuàng)造的關系
五、農業(yè)企業(yè)技術創(chuàng)新主體與農業(yè)科研技術創(chuàng)造主力的關系
(一)做法
(二)成效
(三)經驗
2、項目研究內容全部來自農業(yè)企業(yè)的生產實踐,提高了農業(yè)科研的針對性
3、項目的科研經費全部投向農業(yè)研發(fā)機構(包括企業(yè)的研發(fā)機構)
……
論文:論技術創(chuàng)新與技術創(chuàng)造的主體屬性
劉波、丁中文、唐建陽、黃獻光
(福建省農業(yè)科學院,福建,福州,350003)
摘要:“創(chuàng)新”不能簡單理解為“創(chuàng)造新的東西”,這個理解正是科學家對技術創(chuàng)新主體是企業(yè)產生質疑的根源,因為,科學家是創(chuàng)造新的東西,企業(yè)家是利用新技術生產出新的產品。技術創(chuàng)新是基于科學和技術基礎上的產品生產的全過程,包括從概念(科學),設計(技術),產品(發(fā)明),市場(商機),相當于創(chuàng)新(innovation)=[科學(discovery)+技術(invention)+產品(creation)+商品(production)+營銷(commercialization)]的全過程,即我們所說的從投資到回報的全過程。企業(yè)是技術創(chuàng)新“投資和收益”的主體,簡稱技術創(chuàng)新主體?蒲惺羌夹g創(chuàng)造的主力,科研人員是技術創(chuàng)造的主人。調整好農業(yè)企業(yè)技術創(chuàng)新主體與農業(yè)科研技術創(chuàng)造主力的關系,作者提出農業(yè)技術創(chuàng)新的5個80%,即,(1)80%農業(yè)科研機構必須與農業(yè)企業(yè)結合;(2)80%農業(yè)研究項目必須來源于農業(yè)生產實踐;(3)80%農業(yè)技術成果必須產生經濟效益;(4)80%農業(yè)科研經費必須投向農業(yè)研發(fā)機構(包括企業(yè)的研發(fā)機構);(5)80%農業(yè)生產企業(yè)必須與農業(yè)科研機構聯合成立技術研發(fā)中心。作者還以福建省種業(yè)創(chuàng)新與產業(yè)化工程項目為例闡釋了農業(yè)科研機制創(chuàng)新的完整過程。
Who is th
……(新文秘網http://m.120pk.cn省略946字,正式會員可完整閱讀)……
+ commodities (production) + marketing (commercialization)] of the whole process, that we said from investment to return in the whole commercial process. Enterprise are the main body of technological innovation for "investment and income", being called for short of the main body of technological innovation. The research is the main technology to create. The technology creation is mainly made by scientists, who find somethings new in the e*istence and properties that remain unknown. Technology to create innovative and technological achievements, not simply copies of e*isting objects or repeat of previous programs and measures have been proposed. The relationship between enterprise in technological innovation and research in scientific technology is closely related. The technology creation is depends on the quality, competence and ways of thinking of the inventor to meet the social needs.Adjustment for technology innovation subjected with technology creation, the authors propose five 80% in the relations between technology innovation and technology creation, namely, (1) 80% of the agricultural research institutions must be combined with agricultural enterprises; (2) 80% of the agricultural research project must be derived from the practice of agricultural production; (3) 80% of the agricultural and technological achievements must generate economic benefits; (4) 80% of the funding for agricultural research must invest in agricultural R & D institutions (including R & D institutions in enterprises); (5) 80% of agricultural production enterprises must set up a joint R & D center with agricultural research institutions. An instance of innovative agricultural research mechanism is cited in the paper to discuss the implementation for the project of Fujian seedling innovation and industrialization.
一、技術創(chuàng)新的本質和內涵
技術創(chuàng)新的“創(chuàng)新”之詞是個外來語,在英語中,創(chuàng)新是innovation,發(fā)現是discovery,發(fā)明是invention,創(chuàng)造是creation。不能把“創(chuàng)新”直接地理解為“創(chuàng)造新的東西”,這個理解正是科學家對技術創(chuàng)新主體是企業(yè)產生質疑的根源,因為,科學家是創(chuàng)造新的東西,企業(yè)家是利用新技術生產出新的產品。從這個角度看問題就容易出現企業(yè)和科研單位誰是技術創(chuàng)新主體的爭論。其實,技術創(chuàng)新是有特殊內涵的,科學和技術并不是一回事,盡管科學和技術總 ……(未完,全文共9729字,當前僅顯示2657字,請閱讀下面提示信息。
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